ayase Dehydrogenation
ayase Dehydrogenation
- Imọ-ẹrọ Catalytic Dehydrogenation giga otutu
Bii ohun elo afẹfẹ iron – oxide chromium – potasiomu oxide le ṣe ethylbenzene (tabi n-butene) dehydrogenation sinu styrene (tabi butadiene) labẹ iwọn otutu ti o ga ati iye nla ti oru omi.
- imọ-ẹrọ katalitiki igbẹ otutu kekere
Nitori igbẹgbẹ gbogbogbo nilo lati ṣe ni iwọn otutu giga, decompression tabi niwaju nọmba nla ti awọn diluents, agbara agbara jẹ nla.Ni awọn ọdun aipẹ, oxidative dehydrogenation ni awọn iwọn otutu kekere ti ni idagbasoke.Bii polyethylene pẹlu bismuth – molybdenum irin oxide catalyst nipasẹ oxidative dehydrogenation ti butadiene.
ayase Hydrogenationkii ṣe lilo nikan ni ilana iṣelọpọ, ṣugbọn tun lo pupọ ni ilana isọdọtun ti awọn ohun elo aise ati awọn ọja.Gẹgẹbi awọn ipo hydrogenation oriṣiriṣi, o le pin si awọn ẹka mẹta:
① Awọn olutọpa hydrogenation ti o yan, gẹgẹbi ethylene ati propylene ti a gba lati inu epo hydrocarbon epo bi awọn ohun elo aise ti polymerization, gbọdọ jẹ akọkọ ti a yan nipasẹ hydrogenation, lati yọkuro awọn idoti itọpa bii alkyne, diene, monoxide carbon, carbon dioxide, oxygen, ati pe ko si isonu ti ene .Awọn ayase ti a lo ni gbogbogbo palladium, Platinum tabi nickel, kobalt, molybdenum, ati bẹbẹ lọ, lori alumina.
② Oluṣeto hydrogenation ti kii ṣe yiyan, iyẹn ni, ayase ti a lo fun hydrogenation jin si awọn agbo ogun ti o kun.Gẹgẹ bi benzene hydrogenation si cyclohexane pẹlu nickel-alumina catalyst, phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanol, ni dinitrile hydrogenation si hexdiamine pẹlu nickel catalyst.
③ ayase Hydrogenation, gẹgẹbi ayase chromate Ejò fun hydrogenation epo lati ṣe agbejade awọn ọti-lile giga.
O jẹ ayase complexation akọkọ ti a lo ninu iṣelọpọ ile-iṣẹ.Aldehydes pẹlu ọkan diẹ erogba atomu ni a ṣe nipasẹ iṣesi ti alkenes pẹlu syngas (CO + H2) ni iwaju ayase.Bii ethylene, propylene bi awọn ohun elo aise nipasẹ hydroformylation (iyẹn ni, ti a mọ ni iṣelọpọ carbonyl) propyl aldehyde, butyl aldehyde.Hydroformylation ni a ṣe ni ipele omi ni iwọn otutu giga ati titẹ nipa lilo eka carbonyl kobalt bi ayase.
Polyethylene ti pin ni akọkọ si iwuwo kekere ati iwuwo giga.Ni atijo, tele lo ọna titẹ giga (100 ~ 300MPa) iṣelọpọ, atẹgun, peroxide Organic bi ayase.Ikẹhin jẹ iṣelọpọ nipasẹ ọna titẹ alabọde tabi ọna titẹ kekere.Ni ọna titẹ alabọde, chromium-molybdenum oxide ti wa ni ti gbe lori ohun alumọni aluminiomu lẹ pọ bi ayase.Ni ọna titẹ kekere, ayase iru Ziegler (ti o jẹ aṣoju nipasẹ tetrachloride titanium ati eto alumini triethyl) ti lo fun polymerization ni iwọn otutu kekere ati titẹ kekere.Ṣiṣejade polypropylene tun ṣe idagbasoke eto titanium-aluminiomu atilẹyin ti ayase ṣiṣe ṣiṣe giga, fun giramu ti titanium le gbe diẹ sii ju 1000kg ti polypropylene.
O jẹ ayase complexation akọkọ ti a lo ninu iṣelọpọ ile-iṣẹ.Aldehydes pẹlu ọkan diẹ erogba atomu ni a ṣe nipasẹ iṣesi ti alkenes pẹlu syngas (CO + H2) ni iwaju ayase.Bii ethylene, propylene bi awọn ohun elo aise nipasẹ hydroformylation (iyẹn ni, ti a mọ ni iṣelọpọ carbonyl) propyl aldehyde, butyl aldehyde.Hydroformylation ni a ṣe ni ipele omi ni iwọn otutu giga ati titẹ nipa lilo eka carbonyl kobalt bi ayase.
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