Oxidation ayase & Olomi ifoyina ifoyina alakoso
Oxidation ayase & Olomi ifoyina ifoyina alakoso
Nigba ti ethylene ati propylene ti a gba lati epo epo hydrocarbon sisan ti wa ni lilo bi awọn ohun elo polymerization, a nilo hydrogenation ti o yan lati yọkuro awọn ohun elo ti o wa bi alkyne, diene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide ati oxygen, laisi isonu ti olefin.Awọn ayase ti a lo ni gbogbogbo palladium, Platinum tabi nickel, kobalt, molybdenum, ati bẹbẹ lọ, lori alumina.Yiyan hydrogenation ayases pẹlu awọn ohun-ini oriṣiriṣi le ṣee gba nipasẹ ṣiṣakoso iye nkan ti nṣiṣe lọwọ, ọna iṣelọpọ ti atilẹyin ati ayase.Miiran gẹgẹbi isọdọtun petirolu, idinku hydrogenation nitrobenzene si aniline, ayase hydrogenation.
Ayase fun hydrogenation jin si awọn agbo ogun.Iru bii hydrogenation benzene si cyclohexane pẹlu nickel alumina catalyst, phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanol, ni dinitrile hydrogenation si hexdiamine pẹlu ayase nickel.
Lilo ohun alumọni carbide tabi α -alumina bi atilẹyin (pẹlu iwọn kekere ti barium oxide bi cocatalyst).Lẹhin ilọsiwaju ilọsiwaju ti ayase ati awọn ipo ilana, ikore iwuwo ti ethylene ti kọja 100%.
Ayase ti a sokiri lori ohun alumọni carbide tabi corundum fun ifoyina ti o-xylene si anhydride phthalic.Ayase ti a pese sile nipa sisọ paati lọwọ ti vanadium-molybdenum jara oxides lori corundum fun ifoyina ti benzene tabi butane si maleic anhydride.Ilọsiwaju ti iru ayase yii jẹ si idagbasoke ti ọpọlọpọ-paati, awọn ohun elo paati mẹjọ ti han.Apẹrẹ ti awọn ti ngbe tun yipada lati iyipo si ipin, semicircle lati dẹrọ gbigbe ooru.Aṣa gbogbogbo ni lati lepa fifuye giga, ikore giga ati mimọ ti awọn ọja.
Gẹgẹ bi ifoyina kẹmika sinu formaldehyde pẹlu fadaka - pumice (tabi alumina), ohun elo afẹfẹ iron - molybdenum oxide ati elekitiroli fadaka ayase.
Ni awọn ọdun 1960, ayase ti o ni bismuth-mo-phosphorus compound oxide catalyst ti ni idagbasoke.Acrylonitrile le ṣepọ ni igbesẹ kan nipa fifi propylene, amonia ati afẹfẹ kun ayase.Lati le ni ilọsiwaju yiyan ati ikore ati dinku idoti ayika, awọn orilẹ-ede pupọ n ṣe ilọsiwaju nigbagbogbo ayase, ati diẹ ninu awọn ayase tuntun ni awọn eroja to to 15 ninu.Atẹgun chlorination ayase, awọn 60's ni idagbasoke Ejò kiloraidi alumina ayase, ninu awọn fluidized ibusun riakito nipasẹ ethylene, hydrogen kiloraidi ati air tabi atẹgun le gba dichloroethane.Dichloroethane jẹ pirolyzed lati ṣe agbejade monomer fainali kiloraidi.Ọna yii jẹ anfani fun idagbasoke PVC ni awọn agbegbe nibiti ina mọnamọna jẹ gbowolori ati petrochemicals ti wa ni idagbasoke, ọna iṣelọpọ ti atilẹyin ati ayase.Miiran gẹgẹbi isọdọtun petirolu, idinku hydrogenation nitrobenzene si aniline, ayase hydrogenation.
Liquid alakoso ifoyina ayase
Ni pataki ni:
(1) Ethylene, propylene oxidation acetaldehyde, acetone (ọna Wacker), pẹlu iwọn kekere ti palladium.ayase ojutu chloride Ejò kiloraidi, nipasẹ olefin, afẹfẹ tabi atẹgun, lẹhin ọkan tabi meji awọn igbesẹ ti ifaseyin lati gba awọn ti a beereawọn agbo ogun ti o ni atẹgun.Alailanfani jẹ ipata nla ti ohun elo ifaseyin.
(2) aromatic ẹgbẹ pq ifoyinafun ayase aryl acid, gẹgẹbi p-xylene ni ojutu acetic acid pẹlu cobalt acetate ati iye kekere ti ammonium bromide.alapapo, iṣelọpọ afẹfẹ afẹfẹ terephthalic acid, ṣugbọn ipata to ṣe pataki ti ohun elo ifaseyin.
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